Last Updated on March 16, 2024
Fluconazole is an antifungal drug used to treat a variety of fungal infections in the body. Previously available only on prescription, fluconazole is now available without a prescription in the UK. However, it is important to note that this medication should not be used without first consulting a healthcare professional.
One of the most common uses of fluconazole is to treat thrush, a yeast infection that can occur in the mouth, throat or genitals. Other fungal infections that can be treated with fluconazole include ringworm, jock itch, athlete’s foot and nail fungus. By making fluconazole available over the counter, patients can get this medicine quickly and easily without having to wait for a prescription or visit a doctor.
To buy fluconazole over the counter in the UK, patients can visit their local pharmacy. It is important to speak to a pharmacist before purchasing any medication as they can provide valuable advice and guidance on dosage and potential side effects. In addition, patients should carefully follow all instructions provided with their medication and report any unusual symptoms or reactions to their healthcare provider. When used carefully, fluconazole can be a valuable tool in the treatment of a range of fungal infections.
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Fluconazole
The active ingredient Fluconazole is a member of the azole antifungals, is therefore a means to treat fungal infections. He acts – as well as other members of this group – against a broad spectrum, so relatively many different types of infectious fungi. Here you can read more about the impact and use of Fluconazole, side effects and other interesting facts.
How does fluconazole work?
Cholesterol is usually only mentioned in a negative context: as a blood fat that can “clog” the arteries. In certain amounts, however, cholesterol is essential for the body. Among other things, it is an important component of cell membranes. Without cholesterol, and therefore without a functioning membrane, body cells could no longer perform many tasks.
The membrane of fungal cells consists of a block that is structurally related to cholesterol: ergosterol (also called ergosterol). Without it, the fungal membrane loses its stability and the fungus can no longer grow. Azole antifungals such as fluconazole inhibit a specific fungal enzyme (14-alpha-demethylase) involved in the production of ergosterol. This slows down the growth of the fungus. Fluconazole is therefore “fungistatic” (anti-fungal).
Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of Fluconazole
Once taken by mouth, fluconazole is well absorbed through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream and reaches peak blood levels within half an hour and a half. The drug reaches all parts of the body, including the brain, skin and nails. It is metabolized in only a small proportion of the body and is mostly excreted unchanged in the urine. About 30 hours after taking fluconazole, the blood level of fluconazole has fallen by half.
When is Fluconazole used?
The active ingredient Fluconazole is used to treat fungal infections. Examples include the infection of the oral, nasal and vaginal mucosa with the yeast Candida albicans, fungal skin infections (dermatomycosis) and the infection of the meninges with Coccidioides immitis(coccidioidomycosis, also known as known valley or desert fever).
Fluconazole therapy may also be used as a precautionary measure to prevent (re)infection in immunocompromised patients. This includes transplant patients, cancer patients and HIV patients.
Treatment is usually given for a limited period as the development of resistance in fungi cannot be ruled out. In some cases, however, long-term treatment with fluconazole may be necessary.
How is fluconazole used?
Fluconazole is often given by mouth (orally), for example in the form of capsules. The dosage is individual and is often between 50 milligrams a day (or 150 milligrams a week) and 400 milligrams a day. In very severe cases, fluconazole doses of up to 800 milligrams a day are possible. Usually a double dose of fluconazole is taken on the first day of treatment to quickly achieve a high concentration of the drug in the body.
In some cases, the medication is given directly into a vein (intravenously).
What are the side effects of Fluconazole?
In a range of ten to one hundred patients treated side effects such as vomiting, rash and an increase in liver enzymes in the blood.
Fluconazole side effects in a range of hundreds to thousands of patients are anaemia, decreased appetite, drowsiness, skin rash and itching.
What should I watch for while taking Fluconazole?
The active ingredient in fluconazole inhibits liver-specific drug metabolizing enzymes (particularly CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4). If other drugs are co-administered with fluconazole, their levels may increase significantly and reach toxic concentrations due to reduced metabolism. Examples include the antiallergic agent terfenadine, pimozide (antipsychotic), antibiotics such as erythromycin and certain antiarrhythmic agents. Concomitant use should be avoided or may require dose adjustment. The latter may also be necessary in combination with other agents:
- the antidepressants amitriptyline and nortriptyline
- amphotericin B (another antifungal; it is combined may be applied in severe infections)
- anticoagulant such as warfarin and phenprocoumon
- sedatives like midazolam and triazolam
- remedy for epilepsy and seizures such as carbamazepine and ohenytoin
- calcium channel blockers such as nifedipine, amlodipine, verapamil (about high blood pressure and angina pectoris)
- very strong opioid painkillers like methadone, fentanyl and alfentanil
- cholesterol-lowering agents (statins) such as atorvastatin and simvastatin
- asthma medications such as theophylline
- non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, commonly used as painkillers) such as ibuprofen, naproxen, diclofenac
Pregnancy and lactation
Long-term and high-dose use of fluconazole during pregnancy may harm the development of the baby. As a precaution, pregnant women should only take fluconazole for a short time under medical supervision in urgent cases.
The active ingredient in fluconazole passes into breast milk, so use of more than 200 milligrams (as a single dose) should be discontinued.
Children and the elderly
Fluconazole is also approved for use in newborn babies, children and adolescents. In the elderly and patients with kidney disease, the dose may need to be adjusted according to kidney function.
How to get Fluconazole
In the UK and the USA, the drug Fluconazole is available in every dosage form and dosage prescription.
Since when Fluconazole is known?
The newer antifungals of the azole group were developed from about 1969th A major disadvantage of the first active ingredients of this group such as clotrimazole was that they could only be administered orally rather than by injection. Therefore, the pharmaceutical company Janssen Pharmaceutica developed in 1978 ketoconazole, which can be administered by injection, but is very toxic to the liver. The pharmaceutical company Pfizer then developed a new antifungal agent based on this structure, which could be taken orally, injected very well and was well tolerated – the active ingredient fluconazole was approved in 1990.
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