Last Updated on March 16, 2024
Norfloxacin is an antibiotic commonly used to treat urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis and other bacterial infections. It belongs to a class of drugs called fluoroquinolones, which work by inhibiting the growth and replication of bacteria. Although norfloxacin is available on prescription in the UK, it is not currently available over the counter.
This means that people who need norfloxacin to treat a bacterial infection must first obtain a prescription from a healthcare professional. This usually involves making an appointment with a GP or visiting an urgent care centre where a doctor can diagnose the infection and, if necessary, prescribe the appropriate medication.
While it may be frustrating for some people to have to go through this process to obtain norfloxacin, it is important to remember that antibiotics should always be used responsibly and under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance, which is a growing problem in the UK and globally. By using antibiotics only when necessary and taking them as directed, we can help minimise the risk of resistance and ensure that these vital medicines remain effective for years to come.
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What is Norfloxacin?
Norfloxacin, sold under the brand name Noroxin, is a potent antibiotic belonging to the fluoroquinolone class. It exerts its action by inhibiting the bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme, thereby preventing DNA replication and leading to bacterial cell death.
Norfloxacin is used to treat bacterial infections. Millions of different bacteria, viruses and fungi try to get into our bodies every day. They live in the air, in water, in food or in other people and animals. Not all of them are harmful to humans – some of them we even need. Beneficial organisms form our skin flora, a natural shield against pathogens. Others help us digest food. Under normal conditions, our immune system destroys the harmful invaders before they can colonise and multiply. But when the body’s defences are weakened by stress, cold or illness, the pathogen is free to multiply and spread. An infection develops. Especially in people with weak immune systems, such as children, the chronically ill and people over the age of 60, an infection can damage organs and the brain and, in the worst case, even be life-threatening. Each type of pathogen has its own medicine. Antibiotics work against bacteria, antivirals against viruses and antifungals against fungi. Norfloxacin works against bacteria. It is an antibiotic from the fluoroquinolone group, also known as gyrase inhibitors. This group of antibiotics kills bacteria by blocking gyrase, a protein that is important for replication. Before starting treatment with antibiotics, it is important to establish whether the infection is really caused by bacteria and which type of bacteria is responsible. On the one hand, each antibiotic only works against very specific bacteria, and on the other hand, many bacteria are already resistant to antibiotics because they have often been used incorrectly in the past. Only if it is not possible to wait for the results of the bacterial test, for example if there is a risk of complications, can it be useful to take an antibiotic that is effective against many different bacteria (broad-spectrum antibiotic). Norfloxacin is used to treat the following bacterial infections: upper and lower urinary tract, prostate, colon, gonorrhoea.
Pharmacological Properties:
- Bactericidal activity against a wide range of bacteria
- Effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria
- High bioavailability when administered orally
Indications:
- Treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs), including cystitis and pyelonephritis
- Management of gastrointestinal infections, such as traveler’s diarrhea
Mechanism of Action
The mechanism of action of Norfloxacin involves binding to the bacterial DNA gyrase enzyme, which is responsible for unwinding and replicating bacterial DNA. By inhibiting this enzyme, Norfloxacin prevents the synthesis of bacterial DNA, leading to the inability of the bacteria to replicate and ultimately causing their death.
Indications for Use
Norfloxacin is indicated for the treatment of various bacterial infections, including:
- Urinary tract infections (UTIs), such as cystitis and pyelonephritis
- Gastrointestinal infections, including traveler’s diarrhea
Pharmaceutical Forms
Norfloxacin is available in the following pharmaceutical forms:
- Tablets: 400 mg
- Oral suspension: 100 mg/5 ml
Dosages
The dosage of Norfloxacin may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the patient’s medical condition. However, typical dosages include:
- For uncomplicated UTIs: 400 mg every 12 hours for 3-7 days
- For complicated UTIs or gastrointestinal infections: 400 mg every 12 hours for 7-10 days
How to Take
Norfloxacin tablets should be taken orally with a full glass of water, preferably with meals to minimize gastrointestinal side effects. It is important to complete the full course of treatment prescribed by the healthcare provider, even if symptoms improve before completion.
Adverse Reactions
Norfloxacin may cause various adverse reactions, including:
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Abdominal pain
- Headache
- Dizziness
- Rash
- Tendon rupture (rare)
- Peripheral neuropathy (rare)
Interaction with Other Medicines
Norfloxacin may interact with certain medications, including:
Drugs that Increase Norfloxacin Blood Levels:
- Probenecid
- Cimetidine
Drugs that Decrease Norfloxacin Blood Levels:
- Antacids containing magnesium or aluminum
- Sucralfate
Interaction with Alcohol
Consuming alcohol while taking Norfloxacin may increase the risk of certain adverse reactions, such as dizziness and drowsiness.
Contraindications
Norfloxacin is contraindicated in individuals with:
- Hypersensitivity to fluoroquinolones
- Tendon disorders
- Renal impairment
- Central nervous system disorders
History of Drug Discovery
Norfloxacin’s discovery marked a significant advancement in the treatment of bacterial infections, providing clinicians with a potent and well-tolerated antibiotic option.
- Norfloxacin was first synthesized in the late 1970s by Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
- It was introduced for medical use in the early 1980s.
- Norfloxacin gained popularity as an effective treatment for UTIs due to its broad spectrum of activity.
This is the usual antibiotics I am prescribed when I get UTI.